Now hear this. Pruning and cutting cause more problems than they fix. One thing we forget is that, in nature, plants manage to survive without our infinite wisdom and assistance. The fact is we’re really not that important! Much of the maintenance we do on plants is to please ourselves more than the plants. What I’m saying is that if you’re unsure of what to do, do nothing, for plants can take care of themselves. They might not be the epitome of tidiness, but they’ll survive. Following are some recommendations that fulfill the desire to tidy up and/or perhaps increase blooming, hopefully without affecting the plants in a negative way.
Some plants really need nothing done to them, winter or summer, or both. If you wish to tidy them up in the winter by removing any rogue branches; feel free to do so, but take heed that some spring bloomers hold their buds on the growth they make during the late summer and fall; if you cut that off, you may also remove potential flowers.
Abelia (Glossy Abelia)
Prune anytime January to May, otherwise best if left untouched
Aronia (Chokeberry)
Best if not pruned
Azalea (Evergreen Azalea)
Prune within 30 days after flowering, and do not fertilize after June
Buddleia (Butterfly Bush)
Light summer pruning and nutrition extends bloom into fall. Prune anytime during fall/winter
Buxus (Boxwood)
Best if left untouched during the growing season, otherwise prune anytime Feb through May
Callicarpa (Beautyberry)
Do not prune during the spring/summer because it will remove flowers and (potential) berries. During
the winter cut back to 18-24”
Camellia (Fall & Spring Blooming Camellia)
Prune within 30 days after flowering, otherwise best if not pruned
Caryopteris (False Spirea)
Best if left untouched during the growing season. Cut back to 12” during late winter
Cedrus (Cedar)
Prune late winter. Avoid cutting the central leader
Cercis chinensis (Chinese Redbud)
Do not require trimming, but if you must prune anytime June through July
Chamaecyparis (Cypress)
Prune anytime Feb through May. Wind protection will benefit winter color
Clethra (Summersweet)
Prune late winter if needed, but most are fine if kept natural
Cornus alba (Red Twig Dogwood)
Prune late winter
Cotoneaster (Pseudo Quince)
Little to no pruning needed
Cryptomeria (Japanese Cedar)
Prune anytime Feb through May. Wind protection will benefit winter color
Cupressocyparis (Leyland Cypress)
Prune anytime Feb through June
Cupressus (Arizona Cypress)
Prune anytime Feb through June
Cytisus (Scotch Broom)
Lop the main central stalks to 1-2’ withing 30 days after flowering
Deutzia
Prune 30 days after flowering
Euonymus alatus (Burning Bush)
Prune anytime during late winter
Euonymus fortunei (Burning Bush)
Prune anytime Feb through July
Forsythia (Spring Glory)
Prune within 30 days after flowering
Fothergilla
Best if not pruned
Hibiscus syr. (Woody Hibis./Rose of Sharon)
Prune anytime Jan through April
Hydrangea arborescens (Caphead Hydrangea)
Prune during late winter
Hydrangea macrophylla (Mophead Hydrangea)
Best if not pruned, but if you must, prune no later than mid summer
Hydrangea serrata
Best if not pruned, but if you must, prune no later than mid summer
Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf Hydrangea)
Best if not pruned, but if you must, prune no later than mid summer
Hypericum (St. John’s Wort)
Prune hard in late winter
Ilex crenata (Japanese Holly)
Prune during late winter
Ilex glabra (Inkberry Holly)
Prune during late winter
Ilex meserveae (Blue Holly)
Prune during late winter
Ilex verticillata (Winterberry Holly)
Best if not pruned
Itea (Virginia Sweetspire)
Prune within 30 days after flowering.
Juniperus (Juniper)
Prune anytime Feb through March.
Kerria (Japanese Greenstem)
Prune after the initial spring flowering
Lagerstroemia (Crapemyrtle)
Pruning is unnecessary except removing any dead wood in late spring after new leaves appear.
Leucothoe
For best growth results, prune during June or July
Ligustrum (Oval Leaf Privet)
Prune anytime
Magnolia
No pruning necessary. Cut rogue stems if needed
Microbiota (Siberian Carpet Cypress)
Prune anytime Nov through Apr
Myrica (Northern Bayberry)
Prune to control rogue stems only
Nandina (Heavenly Bamboo)
No pruning or maintenance needed
Physocarpus (Ninebark)
No pruning necessary; you may cut rogue stems after flowering if desired
Pieris (Japanese Andromeda)
Prune within 30 days after flowering
Potentilla (Cinquefoil)
Prune during late winter
Prunus x cistena (Purple Sand Cherry)
Prune in mid spring after flowering
Pyracantha (Firethorn)
Prune minimally in midsummer. Hard cutting will cut any potential berries off
Rhododendron (Large-leaf and semi-dwarf)
No pruning necessary; shape only if desired. Do not fertilize past June
Rhododendron (Dwarf Rhododendron)
Prune within 21 days after flowering. Do not fertilize past June
Salix (Shrub Willow)
Prune anytime Nov through Mar
Spirea (Summer Blooming Spirea)
Trim lightly for rebloom. Shape in fall if needed
Spirea (Spring Bloom / Bridal Wreath Spirea)
Prune after flowering
Syringa (Lilac)
If needed, prune within 30 days after flowering
Thuja (Arborvitae)
Little to no care. Shape in late winter if needed
Viburnum
Prune within 30 days after flowering
Vitex (Chaste Shrub)
Prune back to 12” anytime Nov to Apr
Weigela (Cardinal Shrub)
Prune lightly in early summer to enduce rebloom